Meera must learn English Grammar daily from the beginning to the end.
Page Updated: 10/14/2025
English Grammar Test 10/17/2025
Tenses are mainly categorized into three types.
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
Each of the types of tenses has four different forms.
Present Indefinite Tense
Present Progressive (Continuous) Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
Generally, simple present tense is used to indicate an action which happens – always, regularly, every day, daily, normally, generally, usually, occasionally, sometimes, often, rarely, frequently, nowadays, naturally, seldom, constantly, never, every week, every year, once a year, on a week, at times, at present, now and then, or all the time.
The stative verbs are:
Have Understand Know Believe Hate Need Hear Love Appear See Like Seem Smell Want Taste Wish Sound Own
Examples:
I know Billy Bob.
He understands it.
They love swinging in the park.
Some people do not believe in God.
I usually wake up at 6:00 AM.
He plays cricket, but his brother plays football.
Earth is bigger than Mercury.
The heat of the sun reaches the least to the polar.
Present Progressive (Continuous) Tense
The present progressive tense is used to indicate the ongoing time (now). However, the stative verbs do not usually take the form of present progressive tense even though they refer to the present time.
Now, continually, perpetually, at this moment, at the moment, right now, this season, this year, forever, etc. words or word pairs are usually signs that the verb in a sentence is in the present progressive form. However, these signs are not necessary all the time for a verb to be of present progressive tense.
Structure:
Subject + am/is/are + verb + ing + . . . . . . . . .
Example:
I am going to the college field.
He is coming here for some tips.
They are making a basketball ground.
Why are you working in that horrible place? (Interrogative)
Four teams are playing at this moment.
John is not joining the class today. (Negative)
This structure is also used to demonstrate future time.
Example:
Alex is leaving for Portugal.
I am going to complete my task.
We are leaving at 6:00 PM.
They are flying to Australia next month.
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is used when one intends to indicate:
an action that occurred at a time which is indefinite and has its effect on the subject
or an action that occurred many times and has the possibility to occur in the present/future
or an action that began in the past and still going on in the present.
Structure:
Subject + have/has + verb in the past participle form + . . . . . . .
Example:
Alex has read the book through. (No time is indicated)
I have read this poem many times. (Not habitual but occurred many times in the past)
He has lived in this apartment for 15 years. (Still going on)
More examples:
Their event has not been approved this year. (Negative)
Have we really done so bad? (Interrogative)
Just, already, yet, just now, ever, lately, recently, etc. are some of the signs for present perfect tense.
Note: Already comes between have/has and the past participle; yet appears with a negative form at the end of the sentence.
Example:
Alex has already reached there.
Alex has not reached yet.
I have already cleaned the house.
I have not cleaned the house yet.(Negative)
Has she already gone home? (Interrogative)
Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
It is the least used form of present tense. Present perfect progressive tense is used to indicate an action that began in the past and is still occurring in the present. Both present perfect and present perfect continuous tense can be used to indicate this type of action.
Structure:
Subject + have/has + been + [verb + ing] + . . . . .+ for/since + time frame.
Example:
Alex has been reading for 3 years.
I have been sleeping since 10.00 AM.
Robert has been working in that shop for 6 years.
We have been living together for four years.
Have we really been waiting for a miracle for fifteen years? (Interrogative)
She hasn’t been doing her job well enough for the last 5 years. (Negative)
A verb is a word or a combination of words that indicates action or a state of being or condition. A verb is the part of a sentence that tells us what the subject performs. Verbs are the hearts of English sentences.
Examples:
Jacob walks in the morning. (A usual action)
Mike is going to school. (A condition of action)
Albert does not like to walk. (A negative action)
Anna is a good girl. (A state of being)
Basic Forms of Verbs
There are six basic forms of verbs. These forms are as follows:
Base form: Children play in the field.
Infinitive: Tell them not to play
Past tense: They played football yesterday.
Past participle: I have eaten a burger.
Present participle: I saw them playing with him today.
Gerund: Swimming is the best exercise.
Base Verb
The base verb is the form of a verb where it has no ending (-ing, -ed, -en) added to it. It is also called the Root Verb since it is the very root form of a verb.
Examples:
I go to school every day.
You run a mile every morning.
Do your homework.
Regular Verb
The Verbs that follow the most usual conjugations are considered Regular Verbs. It is regular since it abides by most if not all of the regular grammar rules there are.
Examples:
Rehan plays cricket.
Tam called out my name.
You really walked all the way back?
Irregular Verb
The Verbs that have irregularities in terms of following grammar rules are Irregular Verbs, in general.
Examples:
Do the dishes.
I hardly ever drink enough water in a day.
She drove all the way back.
Transitive Verb
The Main Verb that takes a direct object sitting right after it would be a Transitive Verb. They usually construct the most straightforward of sentences.
Examples:
She went to the fair.
We do not like being called out loud in crowds.
I love visiting my village home.
Intransitive Verb
The main Verb that does not take a direct object specified right afterward and rather there is an indirect one mentioned somewhere along the line is called an Intransitive Verb. These verbs often make the corresponding sentences incomplete.
Example:
I laughed.
John ran.
A ghast of cold wind blew.
23 Helping Verbs (Memorize them!)
There are twenty-three (23) helping verbs that should be memorized since they are used so often. If you will memorize them, it will make knowing and understanding verbs much easier. They are usually grouped in the following six groups:
Group 1: is, am, are, was, were (linking verbs when used alone)
Group 2: be, being, been (show action or state of being)
Group 3: has, have, had (show action when used alone)
Group 4: do, does, did (show action when used alone)
Group 5: shall, will, should, would (cannot be used alone)
Group 6: may, might, must, can, could (cannot be used alone)
Finite Verbs
Finite verbs are the actual verbs that are called the roots of sentences. It is a form of a verb that is performed by or refers to a subject and uses one of the twelve forms of tense and changes according to the number/person of the subject.
Example:
Alex went to school. (Subject – Alex – performed the action in the past. This information is evident only by the verb ‘went’.)
Robert plays hockey.
He is playing for Australia.
He is one of the best players. (Here, the verb ‘is’ directly refers to the subject itself.)
Non-finite Verbs
Non-finite Verbs are not actual verbs. They do not work as verbs in the sentence rather they work as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Non-finite verbs do not change according to the number/person of the subject because these verbs, also called verbals, do not have any direct relation to the subject. Sometimes they become the subject themselves.
The forms of non-finite verbs are – infinitive, gerund, and participle (participles become finite verbs when they take auxiliary verbs.)
Example:
Alex went abroad to play (Infinitives)
Playing cricket is his only job. (Present participle)
I have a broken bat. (Past participle)
Walking is a good habit. (Gerund)
Action Verbs
Action verbs indicate what the subject of a sentence performs. Action verbs can make the listener/reader feel emotions, see scenes more vividly and accurately.
Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
Transitive verbs must have a direct object. A transitive verb demands something/someone to be acted upon.
Example:
I painted the car. (The verb ‘paint’ demands an object to be painted)
She is reading the newspaper. (The verb ‘read’ asks the question “what is she reading?” – the answer is the object)
Intransitive verbs do not act upon anything. They may be followed by an adjective, adverb, preposition, or another part of speech.
Example:
She smiled. (The verb ‘smile’ cannot have any object since the action of ‘smiling’ does not fall upon anything/anyone)
I wake up at 6 AM. (No object is needed for this verb)
Linking Verb
A linking verb adds details about the subject of a sentence. In its simplest form, it connects the subject and the complement — that is, the words that follow the linking verb. It creates a link between them instead of showing action.
Often, what is on each side of a linking verb is equivalent; the complement redefines or restates the subject.
Generally, linking verbs are called ‘be’ verbs which are - am, is, are, was, were. However, there are some other verbs that can work as linking verbs. Those verbs are:
Act, feel, remain, appear, become, seem, smell, sound, grow, look, prove, stay, taste, turn.
Some verbs in this list can also be action verbs. To figure out if they are linking verbs, you should try replacing them with forms of the be verbs. If the changed sentence makes sense, that verb is a linking verb.
Example:
She appears ready for the game. (She is ready for the game.)
The food seemed delicious. (The food was delicious.)
You look happy. (You are happy.)
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. An auxiliary verb extends the main verb by helping to show time, tense, and possibility. The auxiliary verbs are – be verbs, have, and do.
They are used in the continuous (progressive) and perfect tenses.
Linking verbs work as main verbs in the sentence, but auxiliary verbs help main verbs.
Do is an auxiliary verb that is used to ask questions, to express negation, to provide emphasis, and more.
Example:
Alex is going to school.
They are walking in the park.
I have seen a movie.
Do you drink tea?
Don’t waste your time.
Please, do submit your assignments.
Modal Verbs
A modal verb is a kind of auxiliary verb. It assists the main verb to indicate possibility, potentiality, ability, permission, expectation, and obligation.
The modal verbs are can, could, must, may, might, ought to, shall, should, will, would.
Example:
I may want to talk to you again.
They must play their best game to win.
She should call him.
I will go there.
Reflexive Verb
When the Subject and the Object are the same and the Verb reflects on the Subject, that is the Reflexive Verb. These Verbs are often used with Reflexive Pronouns like - myself, himself, herself, itself etc.
Examples:
He has done it himself.
I'll watch it myself.
Ergative Verb
Ergative Verbs can be used as Transitive and Intransitive Verb. They are also called Labile Verb in English.
Intransitive Verbs Transitive Verbs
The door opens. I opened the door.
Phrasal Verb
An idiomatic phrase consisting of a Verb and another element, most likely an Adverb or a Preposition is called a Phrasal Verb.
Examples:
She broke down in tears.
Don't look down upon the poor.
I'll see to it.
Lexical Verb
Lexical Verb is the main or principal verb of a sentence which typically takes the major responsibility of a Verb that represents the action of the Noun or Pronoun.
Examples:
He ran to his father.
I laughed out loud.
Rina tried her best.
DE-Lexical Verb
Delexical Verbs lack importance when it comes to meaning since these Verbs hardly have meanings of their own when used individually. The meaning is taken out of the Verbs and put into the Noun. Take, have, make, give etc. are Delexical Verbs.
Examples:
He took a shower.
I had a cold drink.
She made some arrangements.
Stative Verb
The Verbs that describe the state of being are called Stative or Being Verbs.
Examples:
I need some boxes.
You belong to the pomp and power.
He smells danger.
They remember what happened that day.
Dynamic Verb
The Verbs that entail continuous or progressive action of the Subject are called Dynamic or Fientive Verbs. They express the Subject’s state of being on the move.
Examples:
He’s running fast.
Keep hitting the ball hard.
The dog goes for a walk every afternoon.
Intensive Verb
The Verbs that focus intensely on just the Subject are called Intensive Verbs. Intensive Verbs are also called Linking or Copular Verbs.
Examples:
You seem happy.
It appears to be just perfect.
She looks stunning.
He's become rather irritable.
Extensive Verb
All the Verbs that do not focus intensively on just the Subject (as the Intensive Verbs) of the sentence are Extensive Verbs.
Examples:
He loves her.
She runs too fast.
Ron sells fish.
Participle
A participle is a Verb form where they retain some of the characteristics and functions of both Verbs and adopt those of the Adjectives.
Examples:
Present Participle (Verb + -ing)
Have I become a laughing stock?
Cycling is a well-rounded exercise.
Past Participle
I have taken a hint.
Have you given it enough thought?
Perfect Participle (Having + Past Participle)
Having said that, I was quite worried.
Having stepped out of my comfort zone, I saw a whole new world.
Gerund
The Verbs having -ing endings that function like Nouns in sentences are called Gerunds.
Examples:
Smoking is injurious to health.
Walking is good for health.
I love swimming.
Infinitive
The 'to + Verb' forms where the Verbs are at their base or stem forms while they function as Nouns, Adjectives or Adverbs instead of Verbs.
Examples:
I wanted to help you out.
Are you trying to go there?
I just love to flaunt my new Ferarri.
Meera’s must learn 5 vocabulary words per day and do his vocabulary test every day.
Click: Vocabulary Test 10/14/2025
1. Adhere, v. To stay attached; stick fast; cleave; cling (usually followed by to.)
2. Adjacent, adj. Living nearby or sitting or standing relatively near or close together.
3. Adjunct, n. Something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it.
4. Advantageous, adj. Affording advantage; beneficial.
5. Adversary, n. An opponent; an enemy.
6. Abrasive, adj. Wearing, grinding or rubbing away by friction; rough.
7. Abruptly, adv. In a manner that produces the effect of a sudden ending.
8. Academic, adj. Relating to a school, especially an institution of higher education.
9. Accelerate, v. To add to the speed of or quicken the motion of.
10. Accessible, adj. Easily approached, entered or obtained.
11. Accomplice, n. One that participates with another in a crime either as principal or accessory.
12. Accumulate, v. To heap up in a mass.
13. Accurate, adj. Correct, exact, precise.
14. Acre, n. A unit of area in the U.S. Customary System, used in land and sea floor measurement and equal to 160 square rods, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet.
15. Adequate, adj. Sufficient to satisfy a requirement or meet a need.
16. Adverse, adj. Unfavorable or antagonistic in purpose or effect.
17. Advisory, n. A report giving information (as one issued by a weather bureau on the progress of a hurricane).
18. Advocate, n. One that argues for, defends, maintains, or recommends a cause or proposal.
19. Affable, adj. Easy and pleasant to speak to; approachable.
20. Affiliation, n. The state or relation of being attached as a member or branch.
21. Agenda, n. A list, plan, outline, or the like, of things to be done, matters to be acted or voted upon, etc.
22. Aggravate, v. To make worse, more serious, or more severe.
23. Allege, v. To assert, affirm, state without proof or before proving.
24. Alliance, n. Union or connection especially between families, states, parties, or individuals.
25. Allude, v. To refer casually or indirectly; make an allusion.
26. Aloof, adj. Distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote.
27. Altogether, adv. Wholly, completely, thoroughly.
28. Ambivalent, adj. Characterized by a mixture of opposite feelings or attitudes.
29. Amendment, n. A change, modification, correction or alteration.
30. Amnesia, n. Partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock, psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness.
31. Anniversary, n. The annual recurrence of a date marking an event or occurrence of notable importance.
32. Anomaly, n. Deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule.
33. Anonymous, adj. Of unknown or unnamed source or origin (as authorship, donorship, workmanship).
34. Anthology, n. A collection of literary pieces, such as poems, short stories, or plays.
35. Anxiety, n. A state of uneasiness and apprehension, as about future uncertainties.
36. Apathy, n. Absence or lack of interest or concern; listlessness; indifference.
37. Appease, v. To bring to a state of peace or quiet.
38. Appetite, n. An instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink.
39. Appropriate, adj. Suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting.
40. Arbiter, n. One chosen or appointed to judge or decide a disputed issue; an arbitrator.
41. Arrogance, n. The state or quality of being arrogant; overbearing pride.
42. Artificial, adj. Made by humans; produced rather than natural.
43. Ascend, v. To move, climb, or go upward; mount; rise.
44. Attrition, n. A usually gradual loss of personnel from causes normal or peculiar to a given situation (as death, retirement, and resignation in a labor force) often without filling the vacancies.
45. Audacious, adj. Fearlessly, often recklessly, daring; bold.
46. Augment, v. To make (something already developed or well under way) greater, as in size, extent, or quantity.
47. Austere, adj. Stern and cold in appearance or manner.
48. Authentic, adj. Not false or imitation.
49. Author, n. The writer of a book, article, or other text.
50. Baccalaureate, n. The degree of bachelor conferred by universities and colleges.
51. Barracks, n. An often permanent building or set of buildings used, especially for lodging soldiers.
52. Belligerent, adj. Inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive.
53. Bibliography, n. A list of the works of a specific author or publisher.
54. Billionaire, n. A person whose wealth amounts to at least a billion dollars, pounds, or the equivalent in other currency.
55. Blemish, n. Defect, flaw.
56. Bonanza, n. Something that yields an often unexpectedly large profit.
57. Buccaneer, n. One of the pirates preying upon Spanish ships and settlements, esp. in the West Indies in the 17th Century.
58. Buffalo, n. A large wild ox with a shaggy mane and short horns that was once abundant on the central and western plains of the United States.
59. Buoyant, adj. Able to regain high spirits after depression; lighthearted.
60. Bureaucrat, n. A member of the whole body of non elected government officials.
61. Bursar, n. An administrative officer (as of a monastery or college) in charge of funds; treasurer.
62. Cajole, v. To urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle.
63. Camaraderie, n. A spirit of friendly good-fellowship.
64. Candidacy, n. The quality or state of being one that is likely or worthy to gain a post, position, or distinction.
65. Candor, n. Unreserved, honest, or sincere expression.
66. Canter, v. To move at a smooth gait, especially of a horse, that is slower than a gallop but faster than a trot.
67. Castigate, v. To inflict severe punishment on.
68. Catastrophe, n. A sudden, terrible calamity; disaster.
69. Censorious, adj. Marked by or given to censure.
70. Census, n. An official enumeration of the population of a country, city, or other administrative district.
71. Ceramic, adj. Of or relating to the art of fashioning clay into useful or ornamental objects.
72. Characteristic, adj. Belonging to or especially typical of the essential nature of.
73. Chattel, n. An item of tangible moveable or immoveable property except real estate and things (as buildings) connected with real property.
74. Chemistry, n. The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems.
75. Chocolate, adj. Of a warm light brown color approximating the color of fresh milk chocolate.
76. Chronic, adj. Marked by long duration and by frequent recurrence over a long time.
77. Chronological, adj. Arranged in order of time of occurrence.
78. Cite, v. To quote (a passage, book, author, etc.), especially as an authority.
79. Citizen, n. A person owing loyalty to and entitled by birth or naturalization to the protection of a state or nation.
80. Coerce, v. To compel by force, intimidation, or authority, especially without regard for individual desire or volition.
81. Cogent, adj. Appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing.
82. Colossal, adj. Of a size, extent, or degree that elicits awe or taxes belief; immense.
83. Communicate, v. To convey information about; make known.
84. Compatible, adj. Capable of existing together in harmony.
85. Concept, n. A general idea derived or inferred from specific instances or occurrences.
86. Condemn, v. To express strong disapproval of.
87. Condolence, n. Sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or misfortune.
88. Conductor, n. One who is in charge of a railroad train, bus, or streetcar.
89. Conflagration, n. A large disastrous fire.
90. Consecutive, adj. Following one another in uninterrupted succession or order.
91. Constellation, n. An arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure or design.
92. Contagious, adj. Transmissible by direct or indirect contact; communicable.
93. Convoy, n. The act of accompanying or escorting, especially for protective purposes.
94. Copious, adj. Yielding or containing plenty; affording ample supply.
95. Counsel, n. Advice, direction.
96. Credulity, n. Readiness or willingness to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence.
97. Current, adj. Belonging to the present time.
98. Dawdle, v. To spend time idly.
99. Dearth, n. A scarce supply.
100. Decedent, n. A dead person; especially a person who has recently died.
Aarav: Adhere 1. But the vote by the CDC’s advisory committee carries additional implications for vaccine access since some states adhere closely to its recommendations.
Aarav: Adjacent 2. Their house is adjacent to a wooded park.
Aarav: Adjunct 3. Liberty Counsel claims the university never hired a full-time professor, though, and began soliciting resumes for part-time adjunct within months of Grossenbach's dismissal.
Aarav: Advantageous 4. The home team gets the last change so the coach can get the more advantageous matchup.
Aarav: Adversary 5. He's quite a worthy adversary for Mac and the team.
Aarav: Abrasive 6. The formula combines konjac and peach seed granules to gently buff away dead skin, offering an effective polish without abrasive grit.
Aarav: Abruptly 7. News emerged that Franklin had abruptly fired his agent at the time and hired … Sexton.
Aarav: Academic 8. The layoffs included a Health and Human Services division centered on family and community initiatives, a Housing and Urban Development office that enforces fair housing standards, and an Education Department team devoted to boosting K–12 academic performance, multiple staffers said.
Aarav: Accelerate 9. He says that cutting taxes will help to accelerate economic growth.
Aarav: Accessible 10. Easily accessible via Amtrak’s Northeast Regional line, Roanoke may be the perfect destination for a car-free weekend escape to the mountains.
Aarav: Accomplice 11. Mehta and Richard's other accomplice, Captain Addis (John Macmillan), then attack and attempt to kill Lo.
Aarav: Accumulate 12. Some accumulate in human blood and take years to leave the body.
Aarav: Accurate 13. Prices were accurate at the time of publication but may change.
Aarav: Acres 14. In Colorado, the company has made access possible to 162 acres of state trust land and nearly a mile of the Arkansas River near Cotopaxi, southeast of Salida.
Aarav: Adequate 15. Then, during the spring and summer, allow adequate recovery by taking one or two days off the bike each week and scaling back the intensity of your rides one week out of every month.
Abhay: 16. Adverse: The company received a great deal of adverse publicity, but its sales still managed to increase.
Abhay: 17. Advisory: The weather service issued an advisory for coastal flooding, so all beach events were canceled for the weekend.
Abhay: 18. Advocate:The politician had long been an advocate for tax reform, yet her proposed bill failed to pass the committee.
Abhay: 19. Affable: The manager was always affable with the clients, and his good-natured attitude helped to build strong relationships.
Abhay: 20. Affiliation: The journalist hid her political affiliation from her readers, yet her bias was still clear in every article she wrote.
Abhay: 21. Agenda: The first item on the agenda was a new budget proposal, and the board debated the details for several hours.
Abhay: 22. Aggravate: The patient refused to follow the doctor's instructions, so he only served to aggravate his condition.
Abhay: 23. Allege: The witnesses had no concrete proof, yet they continued to allege that the council member was involved in the scandal.
Abhay: 24. Alliance: The countries formed a strong military alliance, but the economic partnership was still a work in progress.
Abhay: 25. Allude: The speaker consistently refused to mention the true subject of her argument, but she continued to allude to it with each new point she made.
Riya: 26. Aloof: She remained aloof during the meeting, but he tried to engage her in the discussion.
Riya: 27. Altogether: Amber had it altogether, but she missed one more spot on the wall.
Riya: 28. Ambivalent: Henry was ambivalent about the decision, so he took the most obvious choice.
Riya: 29. Amendment: The committee proposed an amendment to the policy, and the board approved it unanimously.
Riya: 30. Amnesia: He suffered a head injury, so he developed temporary amnesia.
Riya: 31. Anniversary: The husband forgot the anniversary, yet the wife did not.
Riya: 32. Anomaly: She was anomaly, for she did not know what she was doing.
Riya: 33. Anonymous: Sarah looked at the bottom, but it was written by an anonymous person.
Riya: 34. Anthology: Brad did not read the anthology, nor did he do the experiments.
Riya: 35. Anxiety: Shalini had a lot of anxiety while stealing money from the bank, but she later got caught!
Abhay: 36. Apathy: The voters expressed widespread apathy about the new proposal, so the bill failed to pass the Senate.
Abhay: 37. Appease: The manager offered a bonus to his employees, but it did little to appease their concerns about the recent layoffs.
Abhay: 38. Appetite: The medication reduced the fever, but it also decreased his appetite.
Abhay: 39. Appropriate: The speaker was very eloquent, and her message was perfectly appropriate for the somber occasion.
Abhay: 40. Arbiter: The committee could not agree on the final proposal, so they appointed a new member to act as the arbiter.
Abhay: 41. Arrogance: The CEO's arrogance made him a lot of enemies, so it was no surprise when the board voted to remove him.
Abhay: 42. Artificial: The company created a new line of artificial sweeteners, but the public preferred the taste of natural sugar.
Abhay: 43. Attrition: The team won the championship game by a hard-fought battle of attrition, for their constant pressure eventually wore down their opponent.
Abhay: 44. Ascend: The hikers grew weary of the long, steep climb, yet they continued to ascend the mountain.
Abhay: 45. Audacious: He had an audacious plan to climb the mountain alone, but his friend convinced him to wait for a more experienced guide.
Dr. Suhani: Augment 46. The money augmented his fortune.
Dr. Suhani: Austere: 47. They choose austere furnishings for the office.
Dr. Suhani: Authentic: 48. We saw authentic examples of ancient Roman sculpture.
Dr. Suhani: Author: 49. The author also noted that larger studies are needed to confirm the results.
Dr. Suhani: baccalaureate: 50. After earning her baccalaureate in nursing, Jen is ready to devote some time to her own health.
Dr. Kevin: 51. Barracks: The army barracks had enough beds for all twenty soldiers to sleep peacefully through the night.
Dr. Suhani: belligerent: 52. She was a brigantine, a small two-masted vessel, refitted for belligerent action in the newly created American Navy.
Dr. Suhani: Bibliography: 53. The game cites influences front and center complete with a bibliography in the first few pages.
Dr. Suhani: Billionaire: 54. The billionaire however, said that ultimately industrial bubbles could be positive.
Dr. Kevin 55. Blemish- The boys soccer team of Solorio Academy High School is having another dream season, ranked among the state’s best with only a single overtime loss to blemish its record.
Dr. Kevin 56. Bonanza- Here’s how to make sense of the sales bonanza that starts July 16.
Dr. Kevin 57. Buccaneer- Over the following years, the buccaneer captains fell one by one.
Dr. Kevin 58. Buffalo-Before each home game at Folsom Field, the buffalo runs around the field in a horseshoe pattern.
Dr. Kevin 59. Buoyant-The actors were buoyant as they prepared for the evening's performance.
Dr. Kevin 60. Bureaucrat-The bureaucrat and the former head of the school have been charged with bribery.
Abhay: 61. Bursar: Although her parents had conventionally middle-class occupations—her mother was a school bursar, her father a businessman—her dad had the kind of unusual background that makes a writer salivate.
Abhay: 62. Cajole: The United States also developed measures to cajole and coerce other countries into remaining nonnuclear, including extending security assurances, supporting civilian scientific endeavors, and threatening to cut off military support and impose economic penalties on proliferating states.
Abhay: 63. Camaraderie: It is about the camaraderie of troops bound for Vietnam who, as their leader warns, have one another and nothing but one another when they fall into hell.
Abhay: 64. Candidacy: Advertisement After her father’s death, Grijalva announced her candidacy for his congressional seat on March 31.
Abhay: 65. Candor: But a more subtle, and perhaps the most powerful, quality in the Senator's arsenal of attractions is an unrelenting candor that verges on self-reproach.
Abhay: 66. Canter: The horses canter across the grass.
Abhay: 67. Castigate: That certainty has not wavered even as some senior GOP appropriators castigate Vought's actions.
Abhay: 68. Catastrophe: The oil spill was an environmental catastrophe.
Abhay: 69. Censorious: Will these two problems—the Party’s censorious infrastructure and its general unwillingness to talk about Gaza—doom any Democratic free-speech campaigns?
Abhay: 70. Census: Official 2030 Census numbers are set to be used to determine each state's share of congressional seats and Electoral College votes in the next decade.
Aarav: 71. Ceramic : Each table is decorated with a small ceramic vase of wildflowers and a flickering pillar candle, and additional wildflower arrangements around the room add texture.
Aarav: 72. Characteristic: He responded to their comments with characteristic good humor.
Aarav: 73. Chattel: In many jurisdictions, the appeal of collecting is further enhanced through tax advantage, with sales exempt from capital gains thanks to wine’s classification as a wasting chattel.
Aarav: 74. Chemistry: The Nobel Prizes are considered among the world’s most prestigious honors for achievements in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, economics and peace.
Aarav: 75. Chocolate: The placard in the bakery notes that the chocolate fudge cake is a four-layer chocolate cake with fudge filling and a rich fudge icing.
Aarav: 76. Chronic: The study, conducted by a research team in Denmark, included an analysis of 19 separate clinical trials that evaluated tramadol versus a placebo in treating various types of chronic pain.
Aarav: 77. Chronological: Listed in chronological order, these essential cult classics will guide you through the history of the format and teach you some of the most important lessons in theatrical buzz-building the art world has ever known.
Aarav: 78. Cite: The Supreme Court announced her death in a statement, but did not cite a cause.
Aarav: 79. Citizen: She was a United States citizen but lived most of her life abroad.
Aarav: 80. Coerce: The toolkit that China has to use to coerce Taiwan is huge.
Abhay: 81. Cogent: Although the evidence was cogent, the defense attorney was able to create just enough doubt to sway the jury.
Abhay: 82. Colossal: Although the T Rex is extinct, it was a colossal animal.
Abhay: 83. Communicate: After the big thunderstorm, John and Jack were able to communicate through their phones.
Shalini: 84. Compatible: The donor must be from a compatible blood group.
Shalini: 85. concept- I struggled to understand the book's central concept.
Shalini: 86. condemn- The government condemns all acts of terrorism.
Shalini: 87. condolence - We wish to express our sincere condolences to your family.
Shalini: 88. conductor - The trains conductor decided to stop the train due to a malfunction.
Shalini: 89. conflagration - The conflagration destroyed a third of the city's buildings.
Shalini: 90. consecutive - The team's winning streak has lasted for seven consecutive games.
Riya: 91. Constellation- The constellation Ursa Major contains the stars of the Big Dipper.
Riya: 92. Contagious- I am sick, but the doctor says I am not contagious.
Riya: 93. Convoy- Police and FBI agents convoy was for the President to the White House.
Riya: 94. Copious- It was no surprise that spin was more copious than ever during the election campaign.
Riya: 95. Counsel- It was in fact a pity that the Maker had not sought his counsel.
Riya: 96. Credulity- To imagine Israel blindsiding Washington in this most sensitive theater strains credulity.
Riya: 97. Current- The dictionary's current edition has 10,000 new words.
Riya: 98. Dawdle- Come home immediately after school, and do not dawdle.
Riya: 99. Dearth- It may also be a respite for booksellers, who have been grumbling for several years about sluggish sales and a dearth of dependable blockbuster fiction.
Riya: 100. Decedent- The federal estate tax exclusion for a decedent dying in 2026 will increase to $15,000,000 per person or $30,000,000 per married couple.
Meera’s must learn English Grammar every day and do his English Grammar test every day!
Meera’s English Test 10/3/2025
A __________ is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
complete subject
simple subject
declarative sentence
sentence
complete predicate
2. A ___________ makes a statement. It ends with a period.
adverb phrase
predicate
declarative sentence
relative clause
interrogative pronoun
3. An ____________ asks a question. It ends with a question mark.
exclamatory sentence
interrogative sentence
declarative sentence
interrogative pronoun
imperative sentence
4. An ___________ gives a command or makes a request. It ends with a period.
imperative sentence
interrogative sentence
intransitive verb
intransitive sentence
exclamatory sentence
5. An ___________ expresses strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation point.
imperative sentence
intransitive verb
interrogative pronoun
exclamatory sentence
interrogative sentence
6. The ____________ of a sentence names whom or what the sentence is about.
simple predicate
complete predicate
prepositional phrase
predicate part
subject part
7. The ___________ of the sentence tells what the subject does or has. It can also tell what the subject is or is like.
subject part
complete subject
simple subject
prepositional phrase
predicate part
8. A ___________ does not express a complete thought. It can be missing a subject, a predicate, or both.
complete subject
simple subject
complete predicate
sentence fragment
predicate part
9. The __________ includes all the words in the subject of a sentence.
predicate part
simple predicate
simple subject
complete predicate
complete subject
10. The ____________ includes all the words in the predicate of a sentence.
complete predicate
complete subject
simple subject
simple predicate
noun phrase
11. The ____________ is the main word or word group in the complete subject.
simple predicate
complete predicate
predicate part
simple subject
complete subject
12. The ___________ is the main word or word group in the complete predicate.
compound subject
simple predicate
simple sentence
compound sentence
compound predicate
13. A ______________ consists of two or more simple subjects that have the same predicate. The subjects may be joined by and, or, both... and, either... or, or neither... or.
simple sentence
compound predicate
compound sentence
simple predicate
compound subject
14. A _______________ consists of two or more simple predicates, or verbs that have the same subject. The verbs may be connected by and, or, but... and, either... or, or neither or."
compound subject
simple predicate
compound predicate
simple subject
simple sentence
15. A _______________ has one subject and one predicate.
compound subject
compound predicate
compound sentence
simple predicate
simple sentence
16. A _______________ is a sentence that contains two or more simple sentences joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or) or by a semicolon.
simple predicate
noun
simple sentence
compound sentence
compound predicate
17. ____________ are words that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
plural noun
noun
concrete nouns
common noun
proper noun
18. A ____________ names any person, place, thing, or, idea.
noun
common noun
plural noun
proper noun
concrete nouns
19. A __________ names a particular person, place, thing, or idea. It should be capitalized.
concrete nouns
common noun
plural nouns
noun
proper noun
20. _______________ name ideas you can see or touch.
concrete nouns
common nouns
plural nouns
proper nouns
nouns
21. _____________ name ideas, qualities, and feelings that can't be seen or touched.
nouns
proper nouns
collective nouns
common nouns
abstract nouns
22. ____________ are nouns that are made of two or more words.
concrete nouns
compound nouns
collective nouns
possessive nouns
abstract nouns
23. _____________ names one person, place, thing, or idea.
concrete nouns
collective nouns
singular nouns
compound nouns
abstract nouns
24. _________ names more than one person, place, idea, or thing.
plural nouns
collective nouns
compound nouns
abstract nouns
concrete nouns
25. _____________ names a group of people, animals, things, or ideas.
concrete nouns
possessive nouns
plural nouns
compound nouns
collective nouns
26. ____________ tell who or what owns or has something.
transitive verbs
possessive nouns
collective nouns
plural nouns
concrete nouns
27. A ___________ is a word made by combining two words and leaving out one or more letters. An apostrophe shows where the letters have been omitted.
compound sentence
plural noun
contraction
compound subject
compound noun
28. An __________ is a noun that is placed next to another noun to identify it or add information about it.
abstract noun
adverb
adverb clause
appositive
adjective
29. An __________ is a group of words that includes an appositive and other words that modify the appositive.
noun clause
adverb clause
adjective phrase
adjective clause
appositve phrase
30. An _________ is a word that expresses action.
intransitive verb
action verb
adjective
appositive
adverb
31. A _________ receives the action of a verb. It answers the question whom? or what? after an action verb.
preposition
direct object
common noun
plural noun
verb phrase
32. A __________ has a direct object.
transitive verb
collective noun
linking verb
verb
verb phrase
33. An__________ does not have a direct object.
intransitive verb
action verb
adverb
abstract noun
adjective
34. An _________ answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom?" or "to what?" or "for what?" an action is done.
intransitive
interrogative sentence
imperative sentence
intransitive verb
indirect object
35. A _________ connects the subject of a sentence with a noun or an adjective in the predicate.
transitive verb
linking verb
verb phrase
preposition
predicate adjective
36. A ________________ is a noun that follows a linking verb. It renames or identifies the subject.
common noun
concrete noun
predicate noun
plural noun
collective noun
37. A __________ is an adjective that follows a linking verb. It describes, or modifies, the subject.
gerund phrase
superlative adjective
comparative adjective
proper adjective
predicate adjective
38. The _________ of a verb expresses action that happens regularly. It can also express a general truth.
present tense
future tense
past progressive form
past tense
future perfect tense
39. The ________ of a verb expresses action that already happened.
past tense
past progressive form
intransitive verb
future perfect tense
present tense
40. A ________ helps the main verb express action or make a statement.
future tense
transitive verb
past tense
helping verb
past progressive form
Aanya’s must learn English Grammar every day and do his English Grammar test every day!
Aanya’s Punctuation Test 10/3/2025
Capitalization Rules
Rule 1. Capitalize the first word of a document and the first word after a period.
Rule 2. Capitalize proper nouns—and adjectives derived from proper nouns.
Examples:
the Golden Gate Bridge
the Grand Canyon
a Russian song
a Shakespearean sonnet
a Freudian slip
With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization.
Examples:
herculean (from the mythological hero Hercules)
quixotic (from the hero of the classic novel Don Quixote)
draconian (from ancient-Athenian lawgiver Draco)
The main function of capitals is to focus attention on particular elements within any group of people, places, or things. We can speak of a lake in the middle of the country, or we can be more specific and say Lake Michigan, which distinguishes it from every other lake on earth.
Capitalization Reference List
Brand names
Companies
Days of the week and months of the year
Governmental matters
Congress (but congressional), the U.S. Constitution (but constitutional), the Electoral College, Department of Agriculture. Note: Many authorities do not capitalize federal or state unless it is part of the official title: State Water Resources Control Board, but state water board; Federal Communications Commission, but federal regulations.Historical episodes and eras
the Inquisition, the American Revolutionary War, the Great DepressionHolidays
Institutions
Oxford College, the Juilliard School of MusicManmade structures
the Empire State Building, the Eiffel Tower, the TitanicManmade territories
Berlin, Montana, Cook CountyNatural and manmade landmarks
Mount Everest, the Hoover DamNicknames and epithets
Andrew "Old Hickory" Jackson; Babe Ruth, the Sultan of SwatOrganizations
American Center for Law and Justice, Norwegian Ministry of the EnvironmentPlanets
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, but policies vary on capitalizing earth, and it is usually not capitalized unless it is being discussed specifically as a planet: We learned that Earth travels through space at 66,700 miles per hour.Races, nationalities, and tribes
Eskimo, Navajo, East Indian, Caucasian, African AmericanReligions and names of deities
Note: Capitalize the Bible (but biblical). Do not capitalize heaven, hell, the devil, satanic.Special occasions
the Olympic Games, the Cannes Film FestivalStreets and roads
Lowercase Reference List
Here is a list of categories not capitalized unless an item contains a proper noun or proper adjective (or, sometimes, a trademark). In such cases, only the proper noun or adjective is capitalized.
Animals
antelope, black bear, Bengal tiger, yellow-bellied sapsucker, German shepherdElements
Always lowercase, even when the name is derived from a proper noun: einsteinium, nobelium, californiumFoods
Lowercase except for brand names, proper nouns and adjectives, or custom-named recipes: Tabasco sauce, Russian dressing, pepper crusted bluefin tuna, Mandy's Bluefin SurpriseHeavenly bodies besides planets
Never capitalize the moon or the sun.Medical conditions
Epstein-Barr syndrome, tuberculosis, Parkinson's diseaseMinerals
Plants, vegetables, and fruits
poinsettia, Douglas fir, Jerusalem artichoke, organic celery, Golden Delicious applesSeasons and seasonal data
spring, summertime, the winter solstice, the autumnal equinox, daylight saving time
Rule 3. A thorny aspect of capitalization: where does it stop? When does the Iraq war become the Iraq War? Why is the legendary Hope Diamond not the Hope diamond? Everyone writes New York City, so why does the Associated Press Stylebook recommend New York state? There aren't always easy formulas or logical explanations. Research with reference books and search engines is the best strategy.
In the case of brand names, companies are of little help, because they capitalize any word that applies to their merchandise. Domino's Pizza or Domino's pizza? Is it Ivory Soap or Ivory soap, a Hilton Hotel or a Hilton hotel? Most writers don't capitalize common nouns that simply describe the products (pizza, soap, hotel), but it's not always easy to determine where a brand name ends. There is Time magazine but also the New York Times Magazine. No one would argue with Coca-Cola or Pepsi Cola, but a case could be made for Royal Crown cola.
If a trademark starts with a lowercase word or letter (e.g., eBay, iPhone), many authorities advise capitalizing it to begin a sentence.
Example: EBay opened strong in trading today.
Rule 4. Capitalize titles when they are used before names, unless the title is followed by a comma. Do not capitalize the title if it is used after a name or instead of a name.
Examples:
The president will address Congress.
Chairman of the Board William Bly will preside at the conference.
The chairman of the board, William Bly, will preside.
The senators from Iowa and Ohio are expected to attend.
Also expected to attend are Senators Buzz James and Eddie Twain.
The governors, lieutenant governors, and attorneys general called for a special task force.
Governor Fortinbrass, Lieutenant Governor Poppins, and Attorney General Dalloway will attend.
NOTE
Out of respect, some writers and publishers choose to capitalize the highest ranks in government, royalty, religion, etc.
Examples:
The President arrived.
The Queen spoke.
The Pope decreed.
Many American writers believe this to be a wrongheaded policy in a country where, theoretically, all humans are perceived as equal.
Rule 5. Titles are not the same as occupations. Do not capitalize occupations before full names.
Examples:
director Steven Spielberg
owner Helen Smith
coach Biff Sykes
Sometimes the line between title and occupation gets blurred. One example is general manager: is it a title or an occupation? Opinions differ. Same with professor: the Associated Press Stylebook considers professor a job description rather than a title, and recommends using lowercase even before the full name: professor Robert Ames.
However, titles replacing someone's first name are generally capitalized.
Example: Here comes Professor Ames.
Rule 6a. Capitalize a formal title when it is used as a direct address. The more formal the title, the more likely it is to be capitalized.
Examples:
Will you take my temperature, Doctor?
We're sorry to report, Captain, that we're headed for choppy waters.
That's what you say, mister.
Good afternoon, sweetheart.
Rule 6b. Capitalize relatives' family names (kinship names) when they immediately precede a personal name, or when they are used alone in place of a personal name.
Examples:
I found out that Mom is here.
You look good, Grandpa.
Andy and Opie loved Aunt Bee's apple pies.
However, these monikers are not capitalized when they are used with possessive nouns or pronouns; when preceded by articles such as a, an, or the; when they follow the personal name; or when they do not refer to a specific person.
Examples:
I found out that my mom is here.
Joe's grandpa looks good.
He's the father of her first child.
The James brothers were notorious robbers.
There's not one mother I know who would allow that.
Rule 6c. Capitalize nicknames in all cases.
Examples:
Meet my brothers, Junior and Scooter.
I just met two guys named Junior and Scooter.
Rule 7. Capitalize specific geographical regions. Do not capitalize points of the compass.
Examples:
We had three relatives visit from the West.
Go west three blocks and then turn left.
We left Florida and drove north.
We live in the Southeast.
We live in the southeast section of town.
Most of the West Coast is rainy this time of year. (referring to the United States)
The west coast of Scotland is rainy this time of year.
Some areas have come to be capitalized for their fame or notoriety:
Examples:
I'm from New York's Upper West Side.
I'm from the South Side of Chicago.
You live in Northern California; he lives in Southern California.
Rule 8. In general, do not capitalize the word the before proper nouns.
Examples:
We visited the Grand Canyon.
They're fans of the Grateful Dead.
In special cases, if the word the is an inseparable part of something's official title, it may be capitalized.
Example: We visited The Hague.
Rule 9. It is not necessary to capitalize city, town, county, etc., if it comes before the proper name.
Examples:
the city of New York
New York City
the county of Marin
Marin County
Rule 10a. Always capitalize the first word in a complete quotation, even midsentence.
Example: Lamarr said, "The case is far from over, and we will win."
Rule 10b. Do not capitalize quoted material that continues a sentence.
Example: Lamarr said that the case was "far from over" and that "we will win."
Rule 11. For emphasis, writers sometimes capitalize a midsentence independent clause or question.
Examples:
One of her cardinal rules was, Never betray a friend.
It made me wonder, What is mankind's destiny?
Rule 12. Capitalize the names of specific course titles, but not general academic subjects.
Examples:
I must take history and Algebra 101.
He has a double major in European economics and philosophy.
Rule 13. Capitalize art movements.
Example: I like Surrealism, but I never understood Abstract Expressionism.
Rule 14. Do not capitalize the first item in a list that follows a colon.
Example: Bring the following: paper, a pencil, and a snack.
For more on capitalization after a colon, go to "Colons," Rules 1, 3, and 4.
Rule 15. Do not capitalize "the national anthem."
Rule 16a. Composition titles: which words should be capitalized in titles of books, plays, films, songs, poems, essays, chapters, etc.? This is a vexing matter, and policies vary. The usual advice is to capitalize only the "important" words. But this isn't really very helpful. Aren't all words in a title important?
The following rules for capitalizing composition titles are virtually universal.
Capitalize the title's first and last word.
Capitalize all adjectives, adverbs, and nouns.
Capitalize all pronouns (including it).
Capitalize all verbs, including all forms of the state of being verbs (am, is, are, was, will be, etc.).
Capitalize no, not, and the interjection O (e.g., How Long Must I Wait, O Lord?).
Do not capitalize an article (a, an, the) unless it is first or last in the title.
Do not capitalize a coordinating conjunction (and, or, nor, but, for, yet, so) unless it is first or last in the title.
Do not capitalize the word to, with or without an infinitive, unless it is first or last in the title.
Otherwise, styles, methods, and opinions vary; for instance, certain short conjunctions (e.g., as, if, how, that) are capped by some, lowercased by others.
A major bone of contention is prepositions. The Associated Press Stylebook recommends capitalizing all prepositions of more than three letters (e.g., with, about, across). Other authorities advise lowercase until a preposition reaches five or more letters. Still others say not to capitalize any preposition, even big words like regarding or underneath.
Hyphenated words in a title also present problems. There are no set rules, except to always capitalize the first element, even if it would not otherwise be capitalized, such as to in My To-go Order (some would write My To-Go Order). Some writers, editors, and publishers choose not to capitalize words following hyphens unless they are proper nouns or proper adjectives (Ex-Marine but Ex-husband). Others capitalize any word that would otherwise be capped in titles (Prize-Winning, Up-to-Date).
Rule 16b. Many books have subtitles. When including these, put a colon after the work's title and follow the same rules of composition capitalization for the subtitle.
Example: The King's English: A Guide to Modern Usage
Note that A is capitalized because it is the first word of the subtitle.
Suppose you are reviewing a book whose title on the cover is in capital letters: THE STUFF OF THOUGHT. Beneath, in smaller capital letters, is the subtitle, LANGUAGE AS A WINDOW INTO HUMAN NATURE. All sides would agree that the main title should be written, The Stuff of Thought. But depending on which capitalization policy you choose, the subtitle might be any of the following:
Language As a Window Into Human Nature
Language as a Window Into Human Nature
Language As a Window into Human Nature
Language as a Window into Human Nature
Any title of more than two words can be a challenge. How would you capitalize a title such as not yet rich? Since the first and last word in any title are always capitalized, the only question is whether to cap yet. In this case, yet is an adverb, and adverbs are always capped. So make it Not Yet Rich.
Now suppose the title is rich yet miserable. This time yet is one of the seven coordinating conjunctions (the others are and, or, nor, but, for, and so). Since coordinating conjunctions are not capitalized in titles, the right answer is Rich yet Miserable.
Here are two correctly capitalized titles: Going up the Road and Going Up in a Balloon. In the first title, up is a preposition, and short prepositions are not capitalized. In the second title, Up is an adverb and should be capped.
Along the same lines, compare the following three titles: I Got It off the Internet, Please Put It Off for Today, and I Hit the Off Switch. In the first example, the preposition off is lowercase. But the word must be capped in the second example because put off, meaning "to postpone," is a two-word phrasal verb (a verb of two or more words). One-word verbs, helping verbs, and phrasal verbs are always capitalized. Off is also capped in the third sentence because the word functions as an adjective in that title, and adjectives are always capitalized.
Although the seven coordinating conjunctions are not capitalized, you may have noticed there are many more than seven conjunctions in English. Most of these are called subordinating conjunctions, because they join a subordinate clause to a main clause. Familiar examples include as, although, before, since, until, when.
There are three approaches to capping subordinating conjunctions: capitalize them all, lowercase them all, or capitalize them if they are words of four letters or more. Take your pick.
Capitalizing composition titles is fraught with gray areas. Pick a policy and be consistent.
